Study reveals humans age in dramatic bursts, not gradually

Challenging conventional wisdom about gradual ageing, new research suggests that humans age in two distinct bursts occurring at ages 44 and 60, according to a study published in Nature Aging.

Scientists from Stanford University and Nanyang Technological University in Singapore tracked 108 participants aged 25 to 75 over an average period of 1.7 years, collecting blood, stool, skin, and nasal and oral swab samples every three to six months.

Researchers analysed molecular changes in RNA, proteins, and participants’ microbiome.

The study revealed significant metabolic changes at these critical age points, with the body’s ability to process caffeine and alcohol declining markedly.

At age 40, researchers observed increased fat accumulation, while at 60, substantial muscle mass loss occurred alongside changes in tissue-supporting proteins affecting skin, muscle health, and overall wellness.

Disease risks accelerate particularly after age 60, with individuals becoming more susceptible to cardiovascular disorders, kidney problems, and type 2 diabetes.

The research identified age 55 as a transitional point for both men and women, with women experiencing additional age-related changes due to menopause.

Understanding these specific transition points allows us to better prepare for age-related changes, said the researchers.

They recommend preventive measures including regular exercise, particularly strength training to preserve muscle tissue, limiting alcohol and caffeine intake, maintaining proper hydration, and managing carbohydrate consumption after age 60.

The findings suggest that targeted interventions at these critical age points could help mitigate some effects of ageing, though further research is needed to fully understand these dramatic biological transitions.